The Secret Garden book cover

The Secret Garden Summary and Complete Study Guide

by Frances Hodgson Burnett
Published: 1911Classic LiteratureChildren's Literature Classic

Complete Study Resources:

✅ Full plot summary
✅ Character analysis
✅ Themes & symbols
✅ Chapter summaries
✅ 5 essay examples
✅ 50 flashcards
✅ 21 quiz questions
✅ Author biography

Frances Hodgson Burnett's 1911 classic about Mary Lennox, a spoiled orphan sent to her uncle's Yorkshire manor, who discovers a locked garden and transforms herself, her sickly cousin Colin, and the household through the healing power of nature and friendship.

What is The Secret Garden About? (Quick Summary)

Quick Answer: The Secret Garden is Frances Hodgson Burnett's 1911 children's classic about Mary Lennox, a sour orphan who discovers a locked garden at her uncle's Yorkshire manor. Through bringing the garden back to life with Dickon's help, Mary transforms from disagreeable to loving, heals her invalid cousin Colin, and helps her grief-stricken uncle Mr. Craven. The garden's revival mirrors the characters' healing from isolation to connection.

Genre
Classic Literature, Social Commentary
Main Themes
Nature's Healing Power, Transformation, Friendship
Setting
Misselthwaite Manor, Yorkshire, England, Early 1900s
Length
~90,000 words, 27 chapters

Frequently Asked Questions

❓ What is the secret garden?

A walled garden at Misselthwaite Manor that was locked for ten years after Mistress Craven died there. Mary discovers it and brings it back to life, transforming herself and Colin in the process.

❓ Is Colin really sick?

No—Colin's illness is psychological, created by isolation, fear, and being told he's dying. When he goes outside and works in the garden, he discovers he can walk and is actually healthy.

❓ What does Dickon represent?

Dickon embodies natural wisdom and connection to the living world. He charms animals, understands plants instinctively, and teaches Mary and Colin how to heal through nature.

❓ How does the garden heal them?

Physical work makes them stronger, fresh air improves health, caring for growing things teaches patience and purpose, and having a shared secret creates friendship. The garden heals by giving them purpose and connection.

❓ Is this a children's book?

Yes, but it resonates with adults too. The themes of healing, transformation, and nature's power work for all ages. It's considered one of the best children's novels ever written.

❓ How does it end?

Colin's father Archibald returns to find his "dying" son running healthy in the blooming garden. Father and son reconcile, and Colin walks beside his father back to the manor—healed and whole.

Complete Plot Summary

The novel opens in India, where 10-year-old Mary Lennox lives with parents who ignore her completely. Her mother is beautiful but vain, spending time at parties rather than with her daughter. Mary is raised entirely by Indian servants who obey her every whim to avoid trouble, making her spoiled, tyrannical, and disagreeable. When a cholera epidemic kills her parents and the servants, Mary is left alone in the house with the bodies, discovered days later by British soldiers. This traumatic abandonment begins her story. Mary is sent to England to live with her uncle Archibald Craven at Misselthwaite Manor in Yorkshire. The manor is enormous, gloomy, and isolated on the edge of the moor. Mary's uncle is a hunchback who travels constantly to escape grief over his wife Lilias's death ten years prior. Mary is left in the care of the housekeeper Mrs. Medlock, who finds her disagreeable, and housemaid Martha Sowerby, who treats her with cheerful Yorkshire directness. Mary, bored and lonely, begins exploring the manor's grounds. She learns about a secret garden—a walled garden that has been locked for ten years since Mistress Craven died there falling from a tree branch. No one is allowed to enter; Archibald buried the key and forbade anyone to speak of it. Mary becomes obsessed with finding the garden. She befriends Ben Weatherstaff, the crusty old gardener, and a robin who follows her around the grounds. One day, the robin shows Mary where the key is buried. Later, ivy reveals the hidden door. Mary enters the secret garden and finds it overgrown but alive—roses still growing wild, bulbs pushing through soil, life persisting despite years of neglect. Mary begins clearing weeds and tending the garden secretly, learning about gardening from Ben and from Dickon, Martha's nature-loving brother. Working in the garden makes Mary healthier, happier, and less sour—physical labor and connection to growing things begins healing her spiritual and physical sickness. Mary discovers another secret: crying in the night coming from inside the manor. Despite being told it's just wind or imagination, Mary investigates and finds Colin Craven—her cousin she didn't know existed, hidden away in a bedroom because he's believed to be a dying invalid. Colin is the same age as Mary, son of Archibald and the dead Lilias. He's never been outside, believes he's developing a fatal spinal deformity, and throws violent tantrums that terrify servants. Colin's father cannot bear to see him because he looks like Lilias and reminds Archibald of her death. Mary befriends Colin by refusing to pity him or obey his tyrannical demands. She tells him about the secret garden and suggests his illness might be largely imaginary—created by fear, isolation, and servants who obey his every whim. Colin becomes obsessed with seeing the garden. With Dickon's help, they secretly take Colin outside in his wheelchair, then into the secret garden. Colin discovers he can stand, then walk, then run—his deformity and sickness were psychological, created by fear and isolation rather than physical disease. The three children—Mary, Colin, and Dickon—spend the spring and summer secretly working in the garden, which blooms spectacularly under their care. As the garden heals and grows, so do the children. Mary transforms from sour, sickly, disagreeable girl to rosy-cheeked, friendly, vigorous child. Colin transforms from bedridden tyrant to healthy, active, increasingly kind boy. The garden's transformation mirrors and enables their transformations. Meanwhile, Archibald Craven travels Europe trying to escape his grief. In an Austrian valley, he has a dream where his dead wife Lilias calls him to the garden. He returns to Misselthwaite and goes to the secret garden for the first time in ten years. There he finds Colin running and laughing with Mary and Dickon—his "dying" son completely healthy and the locked garden blooming with life. Father and son reconcile, the household gloom lifts, and the garden's healing extends to everyone. The novel ends with Colin walking beside his father back to the manor, the locked garden opened, and the family and household transformed by its magic.

Main Characters in The Secret Garden

The Secret Garden features characters representing transformation through nature—each healed by discovering the locked garden and learning to care for something beyond themselves.

Mary Lennox

Spoiled orphan from India who transforms from sour, sickly, and disagreeable to healthy, kind, and vibrant through caring for the secret garden.

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Colin Craven

Mary's hidden cousin, believed to be a dying invalid but actually healthy—healed by friendship and the garden's transformative power.

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Dickon Sowerby

Yorkshire country boy with magical connection to animals and nature, teaching Mary and Colin about the natural world's healing power.

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+ 3 More Characters

Archibald Craven, Martha Sowerby, and Ben Weatherstaff - each contributing to the children's healing journey.

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Complete Character Analysis →

Major Themes in The Secret Garden

Nature's Healing Power

The secret garden heals physical and spiritual sickness through connection to growing things, fresh air, and purposeful work. Mary and Colin transform from sickly, miserable children to healthy, joyful ones through tending the garden.

Transformation & Rebirth

Characters and garden undergo parallel transformations—locked potential blooms when given care and attention. What seems dead or permanently damaged can heal and grow with love and effort.

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The Ending Explained

How does The Secret Garden end?

The novel's conclusion focuses on Archibald Craven's return to Misselthwaite Manor after years of grief-stricken wandering through Europe. Throughout the summer while Mary and Colin have been secretly healing in the garden, Archibald has been traveling, trying to escape memories of his dead wife Lilias and the son he cannot bear to see because Colin reminds him too painfully of her. While in an Austrian valley, Archibald has a vivid dream where Lilias's voice calls to him: "Archie! Archie! In the garden!" This dream compels him to return home immediately. He's drawn back to Misselthwaite by a force he doesn't fully understand—his dead wife calling him to the garden that he locked ten years ago after her death, the garden where she fell from a tree branch while pregnant with Colin. Archibald arrives at the manor and feels compelled to visit the secret garden for the first time since Lilias's death. As he approaches the walls, he hears children's voices laughing inside—sounds of life and joy coming from the garden he believed was dead. He finds the once-hidden door standing open. Before he can enter, Colin comes running out, healthy and vibrant, and runs straight into his father without seeing him in his excitement. This collision—Colin literally running into his father—reverses Archibald's every expectation. He left a dying invalid son, barely able to sit up, expected to be deformed and probably dead by now. Instead, a strong, healthy, joyful boy crashes into him at full speed. The shock is so complete that Archibald can barely process it. He looks at Colin in wonder, hardly able to believe this is his supposedly dying son. Colin, flushed with health and happiness, looks up at his father and declares: "Father, I'm Colin. You can't believe it. I scarcely can myself. I'm Colin." He then says the words that complete his transformation: "I'm going to live forever and ever and ever!" This declaration reverses his years of belief that he was dying. Colin's certainty in his own health and future life demonstrates the complete psychological healing the garden has enabled. Mary and Dickon stand in the garden as witnesses to this reunion. The garden itself—transformed from locked, overgrown wilderness to blooming paradise—provides the physical manifestation of the children's healing. Roses climb the walls, flowers bloom everywhere, life has returned where death seemed permanent. The garden's transformation enabled the children's transformation, which enables Archibald's transformation from grief-stricken recluse to father reunited with his son. Colin tells his father the entire story: how Mary found the garden, how they began working in it secretly, how the work and the fresh air made him stronger, how he learned to walk and then to run, how the garden healed him. Archibald looks at his son—the boy he thought was dying, the child he couldn't bear to see because of grief—and sees instead a miracle: life where he expected death, health where he expected disease, joy where he expected tragedy. The novel ends with Colin and Archibald walking back to the manor side by side—Colin no longer carried or pushed in a wheelchair but walking on his own strong legs with his father beside him. The servants see them coming and are astonished: the master who has been absent for years walking with the invalid son who was believed to be dying. Mrs. Medlock can barely believe what she's seeing. The final paragraph describes them walking through the gardens toward the house: "Across the lawn came the Master of Misselthwaite and he looked as many of them had never seen him. And by his side with his head up in the air and his eyes full of laughter walked as strongly and steadily as any boy in Yorkshire—Master Colin!" This image—father and son walking together, both transformed, both healed—completes the novel's central promise: that nature, love, and connection can heal even the deepest wounds. The secret garden's magic is revealed as not magic at all but simple truth: isolation, grief, and fear make people sick (physically and spiritually), while connection, purposeful work, fresh air, and love make people well. The garden was locked by grief and opened by a child's curiosity. Its healing required work—digging, weeding, planting, caring. The transformation wasn't instant or magical but earned through daily effort and growing things. That's the novel's lesson: healing is possible but requires opening locked places, doing difficult work, and allowing new life to grow where death seemed permanent.

Famous Quotes from The Secret Garden

If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.

At first people refuse to believe that a strange new thing can be done, then they begin to hope it can be done, then they see it can be done—then it is done and all the world wonders why it was not done centuries ago.

Is the spring coming? What is it like? You don't see it in rooms if you are ill.

Why This Book Matters

The Secret Garden is considered the quintessential American novel for good reason. Fitzgerald's masterful prose, complex characters, and devastating critique of wealth and class remain startlingly relevant nearly a century after publication.

Impact and Significance:

  • Timeless Themes: Healing through nature, transformation through friendship, and the power of purpose resonate in every era
  • Literary Excellence: Fitzgerald's prose is considered some of the finest in American literature
  • Cultural Impact: The novel has sold over 25 million copies and shaped American identity
  • Required Reading: Taught in schools worldwide as essential American literature
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